Edward d



(No MbdeLi I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. D. MAOKI-NTOSH.

LATHE FOR TURNING SPIRAL FORMS.

No. 396,283. rgatent'edJan. 15, 18 89.

N, Finns Plmlnhthognphcr, Washington. n; c

2 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

B. D. MAGKINTOSH. LATHE FOR TURNING SPIRAL FORMS.

C 4 dag x 22 7? astray N. PETERS. Phomulhn nphan washin mm D c,

EDVARD D. MACKINTOSII, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO PAUL PRYIBIL, OF

NEV YORK, N. Y.

LATHE FOR TURNING SPIRAL FORMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 396,283, dated January15, 1889.

Application filed March 10, 188B. Berial No. 266,792- (No model.)

To to whom it may concern:-

Be it known that I, EDWARD D. MACKINTOSH, of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Lathes for Turning Spiral Forms, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to lathes or machines for turning spiral forms orproducing what is commonly known as twist-work, which is now used to agreat extent in furniture and the inside finish of buildings. Suchmachines as commonly made comprise a work table or bed provided withcenters for carrying a piece of work, a frame or guideway for the worktable or bed, gearing for traversing the table or bed along the frame orguideway, and a spindle provided with a cutter-head and supported so asto admit of its adjustment to cause the cutter-head to cut in a plane ofgreater or less obliquity to the axial center of the work, so as toprovide for cutting spirals of any desired degree of pitch.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a machine embodyingmy invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof. Fig. 2* is an endview of the head-spindle and the means employed to hold it in fixed butadj ustable position relatively to a tube in which it is journaled andto which rotary motion is imparted for rotating the head-spindle. Fig. 3is a plan view similar to Fig. 1, but showing the cutter-spindle andframe as swung to the extreme right-hand position. Fig. 4c is a verticalsection of the work-table and the frame or guideway whereby it issupported upon about the plane indicated by the dotted line x .r, Fig.2, including also a side elevation of the main frame of the machine andthe swinging cutter-spindle frame. Fig. 5 is a front view of anarc-shaped connection which is employed for holding the spindle-frame inposition, as hereinafter described. Fig. 6 is a plan view, upon a largerscale, of changegears and an adjustable support for them, suchchange-gears constituting a part of the gearing whereby the work tableor bed is traversed along its guideway. Fig. 7 is a transverse sectionupon the plane of the dotted lines y y, Fig. 6; and Fig. 8 is asectional View of one of the change-wheels which may be employed forvarying the speed of rotary motion transmitted to the head-spindle andto the work when the work table or bed is traversed along its supporting-frame or guideway.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

A designates the main stationary framing of the machine, and Bdesignates a movable frame, which comprises a guideway, 1), wherein isfitted to slide lengthwise a work-table, C. This work-table C isintended to be traversed or moved lengthwise in its guideway 11 in theframe B by gearing operated by hand, and b designates a hand-crank fastupon a shaft, b which has at its inner end a bevel-wheel, U Thisbevel-wheel 13 engages a corresponding wheel, b upon an upright shaft,journaled in the frame B, and upon the upper end of the shaft 1) is apinion, l), which engages a rack, b fast upon or formed upon theworktable 0. This gearing for moving the worktable 0 is best shown inFig. 4, and it will be readily understood that as the hand-crank Z) isturned in one or other direction the work table or bed 0 will .betraversed along its guideway b in the frame B.

For a purpose hereinafter described the frame B is mounted upon verticalpivots or a circular bearing, so that it may swing in a horizontalplane. As here represented, the fixed frame A carries an upper pivot, bupon which fits a socket in the upper part of the frame B, and a lowerpivot, 5 upon which fits a socket in the lower part of said frame.

I have also represented set-screws (J as inserted in the frame B andbearing with their inner ends against the fixed frame A, and byloosening one of these screws and by tighto ening or setting up theother of them the frame B may be swung upon its pivots or circularbearing 17 19 as will be more fully hereinafter described.

Upon the work table or bed 0 is secured a 5 tail-stock, c, in which isadjustable a tailspindle, c, and upon the opposite end of the table orbed 0 is a head-stock, c ,.in which is mounted a head-spindle, 0 Thesetwo spindles c 0 center the work between them, and by turning thehead-spindle c the work also maybe turned.

c designates a tube within which the spindle c is journaled, and withwhich the spin die is connected, so as to provide for the turning of thespindle relatively to said tube, and so that when the tube is turned thespindle will turn with the tube. As here represented, the tube 0 hasupon its end a disk, 0", in which are drilled holes 0; and c designatesa spring-tongue, which is fast to an arm, extending from the spindle1*", and has in it a pin, 0 adapted to engage in one of the holes 0.Through this connection the tube 0, when rotated, also rotates thespindle c, and the spindle 0 may be turned within the tube c and lookedin any desired position relatively thereto. This connection between thespindle c and the tube c is desirableas, for example, in forming athread or spiral on the work intermediate between a thread or spiral ofopen or long pitch already formed.

D designates a cutter-head mounted upon a spindle, D, and whichpresented opposite the work on a line drawn between the spindles c c, asis shown in Figs. 3 and 4.. In order to present the work properly to theaction of this cutter-head D, the head-spindle c in ust.

be rotated as the bed or table C is traversed lengthwise in order toturn the work. The gearing whereby this is accomplished is best shown inFigs. 1, 2, and The head-stock 0 which in reality forms a part of thework table or bed C, has journaled in it an upright shaft, (Z. Thisshaft has upon its upper end abevel-pinion, (Z, and upon the stud (Z inthe head-stock are mounted a bevel-pinion, (Z and a spur-wheel, (1,connected to turn as one. The bevel-pinion (l is in gear with thebevelpinion cl and the spur-wheel (his in gear with the pinion (Z uponthe tube 0'.

Fixed in position relatively to theframe I3, and extending beyond theend of said frame, is a bar, E, upon the opposite sides or edges ofwhich are cut teeth, thereby forming two stationary racks, e e, facingin opposite directions. To the head-stock c is secured a support, (1,upon which are mounted to rotate wheels (Z d One of these wheels, as (1engages the rack-bar E, and the other wheel, as (F, gears into a wheel,(1 upon the lower end of the shaft (Z. The wheels (I (F are connected soas to rotate as one, as I shall hereinafter describe, and it will beobvious that as the table or bed 0 is traversed along the frame 13 thewheel (i will receive rotary motion. by its arrangement with thestationary rack-bar E,

v and will impart such rotary motion. through of this gearing I termchange-wheels, and the construction of them and their support cl will bebest understood from Figs. 6, 7, and 8. The support d carries a stud, (Zupon which the wheels (Z (i turn freely, and said wheels (7 (Z areconnected to turn as one by pins .9. Two pins are employed to connectthe wheels (I and (Z and one of these pins is fast in the wheel (l andenters a socket, s, in the wheel (1, while the other pin .5 is fast inthe wheel (Z and enters a socket, .9, in the wheel (1 Several. of thesechange-wheels (l (Z are usually provided, of different sizes, and allprovided each with a pin and a hole, whereby they may be interchangeablyconnected in different relations, as is shown in Fig. 9. \Vhere threewheels (I (Z are thus provided six changes of speed in the rotary motionimparted to the tube 0 may be produced. \Vhere four changewheels areprovided twelve changes of speed in the rotary motion imparted to saidtube may be produced, and where five changewheels are provided twentyvariations in speed imparted to the tube 0 may be produced.

The support (1 for the change-wheels has an undercut or dovetailedchannel, (1, formed in it, with which engages the head of a bolt, (W, inthe head-stock 0 This channel (1 provides for sliding the support (1lengthwise, so that whatever he the sizes of the wheels d (Z the formermay always be set into gear with the wheel (1 and the latter into gearwith the rack-bar E. This support (1 may also be adjusted so as toproject on either side of the rack-bar E, and the wheel. (Z is broughtinto gear with one or the other rack e 6, according to whether right orleft hand work is to be produced. In Fig. 1 I have shown the support (Zadj usted to hold the change-wheel d in gear with the rack c forproducing righthand work, and in Fig. 5 the support (I is adjusted tohold the wheel (Z in engagement with the rack 12 for producing left-handwork.

The cutter-spindle D should be mounted so as to provide for itsadjustment toward and'from the work. As here shown, the spindle I) ismounted in a spindleframe, D which is supported by a fulcrum-bar, D ThisflllClUhl-bftl. D is free to slidein bearings ct, formed upon the mainframe A, and also to turn in said bearings. Upon the fulerum-bar I) aretwo loose pulleys, 6 6 connected to rotate as one. The pulley a receivesa dri\' ing-belt from an outside source, and from the pulley e motion istransmitted by a belt, 6, which passes over guide-pulleys e to a pulley,6, upon the cutter-spindle I).

It will. be observed that the fulcrum-bar D is substantially radial tothe line of the centers c o and is in a horizontal position, and thecutter-spindle I) is substantially transverse to the fulcrum-bar Inorder to preventthe cutter-spindle frame D from swingin idly upon thefulcrum-bar D as a center, I provide a holding-frame, D (Best shown inFigs. 4 and 5, but also in Fig. 2.) This holdingframe is fitted upon thefulcrum-bar D and has in it an arc-shaped connection with thespindle-frame D As here shown, the holding-frame D has an arc-shapedslot, 6 and a clamping-screw, e passes through this slot and taps intothe spindle-frame D The holding-frame D receives through its lowerportion a guide-bar, e", which also slides in a bearing, a, in the mainframe A. The holding-frame D and the guide-bar a may be rigidlyconnected by a set-screw, e

It will be observed that by the guide-bar e", which passes through boththe holding-frame D and the bearing a in the fixed frame A, the saidholding-frame D is prevented from turning, and by loosening theclamping-screw e the spindle-frame D may be swung upon its fulcrum-bar Das a center from the extreme right-hand position shown in Fig. 3 upwardinto a vertical position, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and to the samedistance beyond such vertical position and into a lefthand position.After the spindle-frame D is swung to desired position, so that thecutter-head D will rotate in an oblique plane corresponding to the pitchof the spiral to be formed, said spindle-frame D is locked againstturning by the clamping-screw e The spindle-frame D is balanced by aweighted arm, D applied to the end of the fulcrum-bar D and thefulcrum-bar D and also the guidebar 6 may slide freely along theirbearings a a in the main frame A, so as to present the cutter-head D tothe work and to withdraw it from the work.

F designates a bell-crank lever fulcrumed at f, and having its one endengaging a circumferential grooef', in the fulcrum-bar D or a pieceattached thereto, and having upon its other arm an adjustable weight,This bell-crank lever F slides in a vertical slot, f, in the frame A, asbest shown in Fig. 2, and at the upper part of the slot f is a notch, f,with which the bell-crank lever F may be engaged for holding thespindle-frame D with the cutter-head D, most distant from the work.\Vhen the lever F is not engaged with its locking notch or recess ft,the weight always depresses the lever and moves the fulcrumbar D and thespindle-frame D in a direction toward the work.

To control the depth to which the cutters of the cutter head enter thework, I provide upon the guide-bar e" a roll, e, and this roll bears andruns against a former, g, attached to the work table or bed C, andgoverns the distance to which the cutters of the cutterhead D may enterthe work. The former 9 may be of wood and secured to the work table orbed (1 by screws g, passing through lugs or cars g upon the work tableor bed 0. \Yhen the work to be operated on is cylin- .dric, the former gis dispensed with and the roll 6 is allowed to bear directly against thestraight edge of the bed or table 0. \Vhen the general outline of thework is conical or tapering with the same degree of taper from end toend of the piece, the former g is made with the same amount of taper asthe work is to have, and the frame B and the traveling bed or table Care swung upon the pivots b b and secured by the set-screws b in suchposition that the cutters will cut equally deep at both theinedges, aswill be hereinafter described.

\Vhen the work is large in the middle and small at both ends, as theexample of work shown in Fig. 3, the work outline being curved or theamount of taper different at different parts of the work, a secondformer, 9 is placed below the first and secured to the traveling bed ortable C in the same manner. This second former, g bears against a roll,9 upon an arm projecting from the main frame A, and the former g is of ashape.corresponding to the shape of the work, so that if thesetscrews 1) be removed and said former be kept against the roll g itwill cause the bed and the swinging frame B to swing around upon thepivots b b more or less as the taper of the part being cut varies, andwill thus cause the cutters to cut equally deep atboth of their edgesupon the parts of the work. The frame B and the work table or bed C maybe easily held by the left hand of the operator, so that the former qcontinues to bear upon the roll g as the work table or bed 0 is fedalong.

hen operating with the cutter-head D on slender and thin sticks, whichare liable to spring, I may steady the stick by a block, 0, of wood,through which the stick passes, and which is supported by a bracket, 0,from the frame 13. The cutter-head D when first started cuts its wayinto the block 0, and as the stick slides along through the block it issteadied opposite the point of cutting.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. The combination, with a work-frame mounted on a vertical pivot whichoccupies a fixed position, of a work-table carrying work-spindles and mo'able lengthwise in guides in said frame and a rotary spindle carrying acutter-head and cutters for operating on the work between said spindles,substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with a work table or bed provided with centers forcarrying apiece of work, a frame or guideway therefor, and gearing fortraversin the table or bed along the said frame or guideway, of aswinging spindle-framehaving the axial line on which it swings in thesame plane with said centers, and a spindle journaled in saidspindle-frame in. a position transverse to the fill crum and carrying acutter-head, substantially as herein described.

3. The combination, with a work-frame having a rectilineal guideway anda work table or bed carrying work-spindles and movable lengthwise insaid guideway, of a cutterspindle carrying a cutter-head and movabletoward and from the work and a former on IIO the table or bed whichgoverns the approach of the cutter-spindle toward the work, sub- Istantially as herein described.

L. The combination, with a longitudinallymovable work table or bedprovided with spindles, a cutter-spindle and a cutter-head thereon, anda steady-block mounted upon the work-frame and receiving the workthrough it, the cutter-head cutting its way to the work through theblock, and the block serving to steady the work opposite the cutterhead,substantially as herein described.

6. The combination, with a longitudinallymovable work table or bedhaving centers for work, of the spindle-frame D and its fulcrum-bar Dthe guidebar e", and the holdin g-frame D receiving the guide-barthrough it and having an arcshaped adjustable connection with thespindle-frame, bearings for the fulcrum-bar, and a guide in the mainframe for the guide-bar, and a spindle, D, journaled in thespindle-frame and carrying a rotary cutter-head, substantially as hereindescribed.

7. The combination, with a work table or bed provided with centers forholding work and a frame whereon the table or bed is movable lengthwise,and which is supported by vertical pivots, of a swinging spindle-frameand a fulcrum-bar therefor in substantially the same vertical plane assaid vertical pivots and transverse to the line of said work-centers,and a cutter-spindle journaled in said spindle-frame and arranged atsubstantially right angles to said f ulcrum-bar, substai'ltially asherein described.

8. The combination,- with the main stationary frame A and the work-frameB, support-ed thereon by circular bearings which provide for swinging itin a horizontal plane, of adjustable stops, as screws 7) to lock saidworkfranle against swinging, the work table or bed provided with centersfor work and gearing for traversing it along said work-frame, thespindle-frame D and its fulcrum-bar D and the cutter-spindle l),journaled in said spindle-frame, substantially as herein described.

9. The combination, with work-spindles, of a cutter-head and acutter-spindle, D, and the spindle-frame D wherein it is journaled, andthe fulcrum-bar D on which said frame is mounted, and which is movablelengthwise in its bearings to carry the cutter-head toward and from thework, substantially as herein described.

10. The combination, with a swinging spindle-frame and a cutter-spindlejournaled therein, of a work-frame and a work table or bed movable onsaid work-frame, a rack on the table or bed, and gearing on saidworkframe for driving into said rack and traversing said table or bed, ahead-spindle and a tail-spindle or center on the table or bed, a fixedrack on the work-frame, and gearing whereby the head-spindle is gearedwith a wheel engaging said rack and the head-spindle and work driven asthe table or bed is moved lengthwise, substantially as herein described.

11. The combination, with the rack=bar E and change-wheels for engagingtherewith, of the support (1 having a stud for supporting thechange-wheels and adapted to be slid lengthwise and turned on itssecuring-bolt (Z substantially as herein described.

12. The combination, with a spindle-frame and a caitter-spindlejournaled therein, of a work-frame and a sliding work table or bedthereon and supportinghead and tail spindles, gearing for traversing thetable or bed along the work-frame, two racks on said work-frame facingin opposite directions, gearing for imparting motion to the headspindle,and which includes a change-wheel and a bearing or support for thechange-wheel secured to the work table or bed and adjustable to holdsaid wheel in engagement with either of said two racks, substantially asherein described.

13. The combination, with a spindle-frame and a cutter-spindle journaledtherein, of a work-frame and a sliding table or bed thereon and head andtail spindles on the table or bed, gearing for traversing the table orbed, a rack on said work-frame, a transmitting gearwheel in permanentgeared engagement with the head-spindle, changeavheels gearing one intothe rack and the other into said transmitting-wheel and connectedtogether to rotate as one by pins secured one in each wheel and enteringa hole in the other wheel, and a bearing or support for the changewheelson said table or bed, substantially as herein described.

EDWARD D. MACKINTOSH.

\Vitnesses:

C. HALL, FREDK. HAYNES.

